Ancient Greece Health and Medicine Essay Example

Old Greece Health and Medicine Essay Example Old Greece Health and Medicine Essay Old Greece Health and Medicine Essay Exposition Topic: Love Medicine Medication all started in Ancient Greece by one man named Hippocrates (ca. 460-377 B. C. E); he is known as the dad of medication. Everything started with the Greeks attempting to think of a rationale framework that would assist them with diagnosing certain sicknesses. The legitimate framework depended on the way that we had humors, and every individual had four humors that were substances inside our bodies. The four substances were: blood, dark bile, yellow bile, and mucus (articulated bodily fluid, which means boogers). They accepted that on the off chance that your four substances were adjusted, at that point you would stay a solid individual, yet on the off chance that one of your substances got inconsistent, at that point you would turn out to be sick. In the event that you turned out to be sick, at that point the specialists accepted that you had a lot of one substances and that’s what was making you sick, along these lines, they would approach attempting to evacuate whatever additional substance you had. Hippocrates likewise caused humors to compare with the seasons: the principal season that of blood and air related to spring; the late spring was fire, bile and liver; harvest time was earth, dark bile and spleen, while winter was the period of water, of mucus (bodily fluid) and of the brain† (history of medication). With respect to maladies a significant number of th em that surfaced in Ancient Greek numerous years back are as yet here today and really pass by a similar name now and again. Additionally a portion of the medicines are in a similar thought as we have today, however today we have significantly better innovation and comprehension of what is happening. Right off the bat, the Greeks had cholesterol; cholesterol is a blend of two Greek words; â€Å"chole† meaning bile, and â€Å"steros† implies strong. Cholesterol was first found as little stones within the gallbladder, and their fix was flaxseeds which show adequacy is bringing down elevated cholesterol. Also, the Greeks had diabetes. Diabetes originates from the Greek prefix ‘dia’ meaning separated and the word ‘bainein’ which intends to stand, the word together implied a compass or a siphon. The word siphon was a reference to the extreme pee from an individual with diabetes. The Greeks with diabetes followed an extremely sound eating regimen and way of life, yet diabetes was an exceptionally uncommon condition in those days. Another significant illness in antiquated Greece was the Plague; Greece had a monstrous episode in the mid year of 430. This episode left the specialists, patients, and individuals of the period with a ton of harm and grief; they could always remember this sickness. They truly didn't have a fix everybody was worthy to this malady, however information from past flare-ups and data about the indications which helped them comprehend this unbelievable infection. Different iseases that influenced the Greeks were skin break out, headaches, hypersensitivities, frailty, infection, cholera, and gonorrhea. With respect to the individuals who really rewarded the evil it was up to the, â€Å"Cult of Asclepius developed in prevalence and was a significant supplier of clinical consideration. This clique created old speculations and presented a few medicines not very unique from current option medicines† (Ancient Greek Medicine). The Ancient Greeks adored games in this manner the majority of the urban areas in Greece had open gyms where residents could accumulate to prepare, work out, unwind, and mingle. Greeks were a firm devotee that a sound body was significant. Men and young men would rehearses sports every day since they delighted in the game as well as on the grounds that they needed to remain fit and fit as a fiddle. Despite the fact that sport wasn’t just useful for getting fit and remaining fit as a fiddle, the Greeks would utilize it to get ready for war as well; normal exercise was significant in a general public where men were constantly required for military assistance. Armed forces must be fit, they needed to walk significant distances, convey all the overwhelming hardware, and start the battle with the foe. Alongside all that, the â€Å"athletics was an enormous piece of their instruction, many accepted that building up the body was similarly significant as improving the psyche for in general health† (M. Pushcart). The young would work out in the wrestling-school, palastra. The palaestra was a famous spot for the Greek men of any age to mingle. The wrestling school was for the genuine rivals in the Olympics, and for the ones that were not genuine. Men would work out with an athletic coach who might utilize a long stick to bring up blunders in specific positions and different slip-ups. The â€Å"trainers would give close consideration to adjusting the kinds of physical exercise and the competitors diet† (M. Hand truck). Work refered to: Ancient Greek Mythology Diseases, Health, Illness, Infections, Conditions. (n. d. ). Home Remedies and Natural Cures for Common Illnesses. Recovered October 26, 2011, from home-solutions for you. com/realities/greek-prescriptions. html Ancient Greek medication. (n. d. ). Schoolshistory. organization. uk online exercises GCSE study helps †Teachers assets. Recovered October 26, 2011, from schoolshistory. organization. uk/ancientgreece. htm Barrow, M. (n. d. ). Sports and the Ancient Greece Olympics . Forests Junior School, Tonbridge, Kent UK. Recovered October 26, 2011, from forests junior. kent. sch. uk/Homework/greece/sports. htm History of Medicine. (n. d. ). Benvenuto in pacs. unica. it Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia dellUniversita di Cagliari. Recovered October 26, 2011, from http://pacs. unica. it/biblio/lesson1. htm

Investment Management for Value of Money in Time- myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theInvestment Management for Value of Money in Time. Answer: Estimation of Money in Time Ostensible income alludes to the real dollar measure of cash that a business assumes to take in and pay out, with no alteration for the swelling (La Cava, Hughson, and Kaplan, 2016). The ostensible incentive for the consumption for the every year is appeared beneath beginning from 1/8/2018 and finishing at 01/07/2021. The ostensible worth is determined considering the expansion rate 3% per annum. The all out ostensible income absolute is $927 million is spent by the organization in the following 4 years. The count of the ostensible income depends on the expansion rate. The recipe for the count of the ostensible income esteem: - Real value*(1+i/100). Year Genuine Value (million) Swelling Rate Ostensible Value (Million) 1/7/2018 $200 3% 206 1/7/2019 $300 3% 309 1/7/2020 $250 3% 257.5 1/7/2021 $150 3% 154.5 927 The ostensible incentive for the use for the every year is appeared underneath beginning from 1/1/2018 to the ensuing next 4 years. This shows the year figure of the consumption considering a similar genuine worth and the swelling rate. Here, the ostensible worth is the thing that really paid by the organization to complete the work or to achieve the undertaking of the organization. Year Genuine Value (million) Expansion Rate Ostensible Value (Million) 1/1/2018 $200 3% 206 1/1/2019 $300 3% 309 1/1/2020 $250 3% 257.5 1/1/2021 $150 3% 154.5 927 (Supposition: The measure of genuine worth and expansion rate for 1/1/2018 is expected same as given in the inquiry). The We'll Do It Cheap Ltd contractual workers offer to fabricate the FPSO Facility for a fixed irregular installment of $935 million that is payable on 01/07/2018. The organization won't acknowledge the proposal of the temporary workers in such a case that the organization play out a similar undertaking in the 4 years they will have the option to finish the assignment in the ostensible estimation of $927 million. The installment approached the sum is very high for the organization. The Good Oil organization consistently consider the ostensible income while settling on the choice. The Well Do It Cheap Ltd again evaluated the offer, the proposal of the temporary worker comprise of double cross installment. The principal installment will be $470 million on 01/07/2018 and the subsequent installment will be $465 million on 01/07/2019. I will acknowledge the proposal of the contractual worker as the ostensible worth incorporates the limited. The limited income is utilized by the Good Oil organization to decide the future sum that the organization will pay. The limited money follow strategy is utilized to survey speculation openings. Recipe for the limited ostensible income: - Real worth/(1+i/100). Year Installment Expansion Rate Ostensible Value 1/7/2018 470 3% 456.3107 1/7/2019 465 3% 451.4563 907.767 The table show the ostensible incentive for the year 2018 and 2019, the organization can see the advantage. The organization is normal that the ostensible incentive in the following 4 years will be $927 million. Looking at the ostensible sum $907.767 million and $927 million, the Good Oil organization business examination would acknowledge the proposal of the temporary worker since they thought that it was a superior offer. The expansion rate ought to be 4% to switch the appropriate response of the inquiry c. On the off chance that expansion rate will be 4% for the 4 years the organization will have the option to acknowledge the proposal of the Well Do It Cheap Ltd. The complete ostensible incentive for the 4 years is $936 million and the temporary worker is offering $935 million. I will acknowledge the offer once the swelling rate will be 4%. Year Genuine Value (million) Expansion Rate Ostensible Value (Million) 1/7/2018 $200 4% 208 1/7/2019 $300 4% 312 1/7/2020 $250 4% 260 1/7/2021 $150 4% 156 936 Tax assessment Concepts Discussion Reason and Impact of Tax Depreciation in After-Tax Discounted Cash Flow Expostulation is a non-money bookkeeping charge; it is an assessment deductible cost. Devaluation diminishes the expense cost which positively affects income. Expostulation is a derivation in remembered for money before charges. It is introduced as a modification in settling the net gain to working income (Doidge, and Dyck, 2015). The assessment Depreciation in After-Tax Discounted Cash Flow is utilized by the speculators to pick up the tax reductions gave by the duty experts corresponding to devaluation cost. As the devaluation is a noncash cost the organization may exploit it by blowing up the costs in the duty reports. Relative benefits of Straight Line Depreciation versus Units of Production Depreciation Benefits of Straight Line Depreciation The figuring of devaluation through straight-line deterioration is simple and less complex (Halim, Sharif, and Jaaman 2016). It tends to be applied to all drawn out resources. This strategy is the usable bookkeeping technique and broadly adequate over the world. The quantum of devaluation and the pace of the deterioration stay fixed all through the total helpful monetary existence of the benefits (Bello, I.K., 2014). Benefits of Unit of creation deterioration This technique depends on the quantum of use of the advantages, the essential rule says the more use the more will be a measure of the tear and wear of the benefits (Gillespie, 2014). The point of this technique is to conquered the limitations of the straight line strategy for the devaluation. The quantum of deterioration gets sensibly and reasonably planned with the degree of the creation every year (DRURY, 2013). The greatest value of this strategy is more exact than different techniques for deterioration cost. This strategy gives a superior picture and aides in surveying the genuine image of resources for the proprietors. References Bello, I.K., 2014, devaluation estimation in cost technique for valuation in lagos city. Am. J. Soc. Mgmt. Sci, 5(2), pp.73-83. DRURY, C.M., 2013, Management and cost bookkeeping. Springer. Gillespie, A., 2014, Foundations of financial matters. Oxford University Press, USA. La Cava, G., Hughson, H. what's more, Kaplan, G., 2016, The family income channel of financial strategy. Save Bank of Australia Research Discussion Papers, (2016-12). Doidge, C. what's more, Dyck, A., 2015, Taxes and corporate strategies: Evidence from a semi normal trial. The Journal of Finance, 70(1), pp.45-89. Halim, N.A., Sharif, S.N.B. what's more, Jaaman S.H., 2016, June, Empirical testing of vigorous streamlining benefit imparting proportion to straight line devaluation in Aitab instrument. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 1750, No. 1, p. 030002). AIP Publishing.

Protecting Yourself Online :: essays research papers

Securing Yourself Online In this paper we will talk about some essential strides to all the more likely secure your framework. We will talk about the accompanying four (4) regions: v     Email v     Internet v     Chat Programs v     Virus Protection 1.     Email:  ·Ã‚     Do not open any email connection that you get from anybody without verifying ahead of time - not even from your dearest companions.  ·Ã‚     If somebody needs to send you a doc document request that they convert it into *.rtf or *.txt configuration and afterward send.  ·Ã‚     If you should open any doc augmentation records, you would first be able to utilize one of those doc document perusers accessible free on the net.  ·Ã‚     Alternatively, you could change over the augmentation of the record (doc) to content (txt) and afterward open it with your word processor and see what the document is about.  ·Ã¢ â â â â If you do choose to open it as a doc record in MS Word guarantee that the large scale security setting is set to HIGH  ·Ã‚     In your email customer turn off the 'accepting HTML sends' alternative. 2. Web v     Set Explorer to show document expansions. For this go to Windows Explorer/My Computers > Tools > Folder Options > View (tab) > and uncheck the ‘Hide File Extension For Known File Type’ box. This will assist you with avoiding tapping on lies. v     Do not give out your data on the net. While riding the web you will see that there are destinations that will request your own data. Try not to give data about yourself and den data about yourself as long as possible. vâ â â â â Disable JAVA and Active X. To do this under MS IE, move your default-perusing zone to High security in Tools-Internet Options. This switches off 90% of MSIE abuses. You don't need to enter the destinations that don't let you enter without Java and Active X empowered. Expertise to understand treats and investigate them. Use programming like treat smasher and each time you log online pound all your recently gotten treats. On the off chance that you use IE, at that point ensure that you run Windows Update in any event once every week. v     Use individual firewall programming. Zone Alarm (ZA) is a decent one however others are accessible and new ones are coming up ordinary. Use in any event one Intrusion Detection System; Visual Zone is a decent one that is good with ZA. 3. Visit Programs Ø     Beware when utilizing visit programs like IRC, ICQ, Yahoo, and so forth. When utilizing these projects, your IP address is uncovered leaving space for the other individual to filter your PC searching for approaches to break in.

Mergers and Acquisations Essay - 1650 Words

Mergers and Acquisations (Essay Sample) Content: Merger, Acquisition, and International StrategiesInstitutionProfessorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameStudentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s nameDateMerger of a Public Corporation with International Operations with another CorporationRecently, a U.S judge approved a merger between the American Airlines and the US Airways Group to form at the time of approval what would be the biggest air service provider for cargo and transport. The American Airlines, under AMR Corporation was serving at least 50 nations and rendering its cargo and passenger services across 260 airports in the covered nations. The merger was valued at close to $18 billion. The completion of the merger brings a new name-American Airlines group Inc. (Dillingham, 2013).It is evident that the American Airlines which operated under the AMR Corporation was on a down trend in terms of operations and profitability. Its plan for reorganization by merging with the US Airways was a strategic way of saving it from insignificance in air travel. It had filed for bankruptcy and the U.S Bankruptcy went ahead to approve the merger plans despite having a pending anti-trust lawsuit (Dillingham, 2013). Following the state of the American airlines and the provisions of the Chapter 11filings, the management of the American airlines would be taken by the top management from the U.S Airways.The Mergerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s StrategyTo determine whether this merger was a wise one, there is need to check on several aspects of this deal such as investments, stocks and effects of management and control among others. Additionally, the inspection of several elements of the merging companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s strategy is essential. One of the main aims of the American Airlines was to get out of its increasing debt to creditors while also tapping into new market destinations, increase its profits and also increase employee benefits. The merger would provide a way to remedy the stock performance of American Airlines and possibly come up with a common stock that ca n perform better. Since a merger signals a common company, a new stock is issued and prescribed closing and opening conditions set. The performance of the stock is likely to be strengthened through combined efforts to control the airline market and harmonize efforts to work in the common interest of the merged company. Evidently, the shares of the newly merged company rose by 2.7% on the initial day of trading. It was a sign of emerging benefits. The fact that the new company would be repay the American airlines creditors plus interest within two years was a viable solution to solving the bankruptcy of AMR Corporation.Stakeholders are projected to derive more benefits from the merger as well as avoid losses from the merger not sailing through. The investors of US Airways and the stakeholders in American Airlines can anticipate an enhanced value. This acknowledgement by the parties served as a driving factor towards the success of merger despite several setbacks such as the antitru st lawsuit. This is the best action that the stakeholders would take. Supporting the merger not only saved the American Airlines but also set a platform for them to gain more from their investments. In all essence, this would place the newly formed company in a better position to increase their returns from investments.The mergerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s strategy also had its competitors in sight. The merger was meant to consolidate enough power and resources to compete with rival airlines that also accredit merging as their reason for rising. The employee position in the merging strategy had their interests in mind as it would make the company to be more competitive and also have a firm financial basis. This serves as a source of numerous career opportunities and chances for career development. Generally, the merger was a fair one for the employees and they knew this as supported by their widespread approval. The operations of the newly formed company would be streamlined to deal with the preva lent competition and possibly move to become the dominating airline across the global destination it covers. Since the strategy had benefits to human resources who stand out as a significant factor in any airline operations and also incorporated other benefits, the merger passes a wise one especially considering the present market conditions and the future.Locally Operating Corporation not Involved in any MergerAllegiant Air is a domestic airline in the U.S that aims to provide scheduled and charter flights. Since its founding in 1997, it has yet to enter into a merger but there are current considerations to do so in coming years due to the changing nature of the airlines business. It is publicly traded though its revenue base is not as mighty as other established national and multinational airlines based in the United States of America (Manning, 2012). It embraces aggressive tactics to entice its customers by pitching them show tickets, hotels, rental cars and other forms of entert ainment and gets commission as a result of those activities. This means that it maintains a very close relationship with its customers.Southwest Airlines would be a very ideal corporation to merge with. Already, Southwest Airlines has an established base and ranks as the number one domestic carrier in the U.S. Allegiant air comes a close to it in ranking and has been attributed with success over the recent years considering that it has not been in business for a long time. Their operationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s models have proven a driving factor and merging of the two could only create a powerful local market airline. This would consolidate their operations and increase their revenues due to increased efficiency and expansion.In terms of profitability, Southwest Airlines could provide resources in relation to fleets. As of now, the airline has more fleets and flies more often than Allegiant Airlines. A merger between the two would increase their flights and flying frequency. They would cover more markets and expand to cover more areas. Therefore, the proposed merger would not be the case of one company trying to elevate the other out of bankruptcy but rather a joining of forces to control the market.International Business-Level Strategy and Corporate-Level Strategy for the Internationally Operating CorporationThe international business-level strategy by the new American Airlines Group Inc. aims at consolidating and retaining the market opportunities offered by the combination of the market power. As such, business decisions by the firm ought to consider varying consumer preference and also appeal to the consumers. With the merger, there is more increased power to compete and reach new markets. Decisions regarding venturing should be handled dynamically according to each international market so as to be in line with the profitability and expansion goal.The same company has transformational and technological goals under its business strategy. These are instrumental in ma intaining a competitive edge. The company cannot afford to do away with the developmental goals and keep in touch with the need to upgrade its flying assets. That is why the company plans to roll out new 59 jets all equipped with latest technologies that meet consumer needs. It is recommended that the company monitors the transformation process to go with the market needs as well as the customer needs. This avoids wastage of resources for unwanted or unnecessary equipmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s.The business goal of the airline is to provide an integrated customer experience. The modernization process should keep customer preferences at the middle of it all. Customers want comfort and generally the best value for their money. It should remain the focus of the airline to offer just that.The international market in which the airline operates in is subject to economic variations. Therefore, each destination comes with a challenge due to varied economic statuses. While the company strives to maint ain its profits margins, it should not drive away the customers by reducing the affordability of its ...

Eating Disorders Among Children And Teens - 1216 Words

Eating disorders in children and teens cause serious changes in their health. Eating disorders are characteristics and cause by eating behaviors, also people with this disorder use eating, purging or restructuring with their issues. Eating disorders is divided into three parts as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, compulsive overeating, etc (Eating Disorders,n.d.).Eating disorders can overlap between and alternate of anorexia and bulimia. Eating disorders around the adolescence, but it can also start in childhood. Girls with bulimia nervosa fall within their normal range of body weight, but to them some girls feel that they are overweight. Almost 25 percent of females have bulimia in their lifetime. There are many celebrities who suffer from eating disorders while coming up in Hollywood or currently battling the disorder. Like, former pop singer/ performer Lady Gaga struggled with bulimia and anorexia while beginning her career. Another singer name Kesha, has recently been treated fo r an unspecified eating disorder (n.d.). Karen Carpenter, a former singer, died from cardiac arrest at the age of 32, for years she suffer from severe anorexia. Another singer name Demi Lovato, has become one of the most outspoken about her mental issues within her eating disorder (n.d.). Sharon Osbourne, wife of Ozzy Osbourne and former ‘The Talk’ host, Sharon has struggled with bulimia for over 30 years. Another famous daytime talk show host, Oprah Winfrey is a sufferer of disordered eating.Show MoreRelatedWhy Do Teens Suffer From Eating Disorders1596 Words   |  7 Pages010 October 20, 2015 Why Do Teens Suffer from Eating Disorders: Annotated Bib It is no new discovery that teenagers in America tend to have a conflict with eating disorders. This problematic issue tend to affect many young teens just as the people that surround them, those who care for them. People might stop to think why teens struggle so much with eating disorders or how can this issue be wiped out. The thing is people need to be well aware of eating disorders and there definition and try toRead MoreEating Disorders Destroy Lives Essay777 Words   |  4 PagesTitle Eating Disorder – a combination of 14 letters that has the power to rock the life of the person who has it. Some of the most common eating conditions are anorexia, bulimia, and binge-eating disorder. According to the LA Times, â€Å"In 2009 the government published data that showed that kids under 12 were the fastest-growing population of patients hospitalized for eating disorders.† Not only are eating disorders becoming more popular and not in a positive way, but also the teens who have themRead MorePeer Pressure And Media Cause Eating Disorders1743 Words   |  7 PagesPeer Pressure and Media Cause Eating Disorders A USA Today article reported, â€Å"According to a 2011 study in Archives of General Psychiatry about 6% of youths suffer from eating disorders. The report went on to say the 55% of high school girls and 30% of boys had eating disorder symptoms. They used diet pills, vomiting, laxatives, fasting and binge-eating to help them lose weight (Healy). 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This affects the way teens see themselves resulting in drastic measures such as eating disorders, cosmetic surgery, and bullying one another for being different. The first case of an eating disorder recognized medically was in 1873 (â€Å"Key Events†). The eating disorder was anorexia nervosa and was associated with one’s personal physiological factors. In this time period, it was unknown that a lot of cases of eating disorders was not an exclusively a mental illness, but aRead MoreEating Disorders Are Serious Conditions Involving Extremely Unhealthy Dietary Habits1046 Words   |  5 PagesJanuary 9, 2015 Eating Disorders in Adolescents Eating disorders are serious conditions involving extremely unhealthy dietary habits. The two most common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. In the past few decades, eating disorders have become more and more prevalent in western countries. 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Teens today today are reliant on the media to tell them what is acceptable and what is not. It tells them how to look, how to act, even what to say. Social media definitely has an impact on the daily life of a teen. Most teens have some way to connect with friends using a social networking site. Young adults, much like the citizens of the distopian society in

Causes and Treatment for Diabetes - 797 Words

Diabetes mellitus is a disease marked by high levels of blood glucose or blood sugar. Chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin production or secretion, insulin action, or both. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011), Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure, non-traumatic lower extremities amputations, and new cases of blindness among adults in the United States. It is also known as a major cause of heart disease and stroke. It is the known as the seventh leading cause of death in the United States (CDC, 2011). Every time we eat, our food is digested, and converted into glucose or sugar. As the blood sugar level rise, the†¦show more content†¦Normal fasting glucose plasma is less than 100mg/dL (LeRoith, Taylor, Olefsky, 2004). Typical symptoms of diabetes are excessive urination (polyuria) which occurs because of glycosuria, excessive thirst (polydipsia) which occurs in response to dehydration, and excessive hunger (Polyphagia), which occurs because of persistent loss of calories as a result of glycosuria and the possible effects of diabetes on satiety signals in the brain (Niewoehner, 2004). Other typical signs and symptoms of Diabetes Type 1 are weight loss, fatigue, increase frequency of infections, and rapid onset. Type 2 Diabetes is also known as adult onset diabetes or non-insulin dependent diabetes. It results from a progressive secretory defect of the pancreatic Beta cell on the background of insulin resistance (Meeking, 2011). Insulin resistance is a disorder in which the cells do not use insulin properly; as the need for insulin rises, the pancreas gradually loses its ability to produce insulin. The most common risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes are old age, obesity, family history of diabetes, history of gestational diabetes, impaired glucose metabolism, and physical activity. Natural history of type 2 diabetes is variable resulting from long duration of silent hyperglycemia (Meeking, 2011). Diet is the basic part of management of diabetes. The goal of dietary treatment is to ensure weight control, allowing good, adequate glycemic control with blood glucose levels as close to normalShow MoreRelatedCauses And Treatments Of Diabetes872 Words   |  4 PagesReverse Type 2 Diabetes NaturallyTired of blurry vision, pricking your finger, feeling run down, and always feeling thirsty? Learn how to cure type 2 diabetes once and for all! If you want to avoid dangerous prescription medications, learn how to reverse type 2 diabetes naturally. Nature has the cure for type 2 diabetes, no prescription medications needed. 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The reason why people have diabetes because people’s insulin production is not enough, or because their body s cells do not respond properly to insulin, or in some cases, both could be the case. Patients with high blood sugar will most likely experience polyuria (frequent urination), they willRead MoreDiabetes Symptoms, Causes And Treatments1479 Words   |  6 PagesENC1101 23 November 2015 Diabetes Symptoms, Causes and Treatments Diabetes is a disease in which people suffer from high blood sugar levels and because of this it begins to cause damage to parts of the body. Though diabetes affects a person’s sugar levels which will then affect how they function throughout the day, it is the affects that diabetes has on main parts of the body that make function difficult. The main parts of the body that become affected due to diabetes are the eyes, kidneysRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus And Type 2 Diabetes Essay1301 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes mellitus, known as â€Å"diabetes† is a grouping of metabolic diseases that present, over a long period of time, levels of high blood sugar. There are two main forms of diabetes: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. In addition to these two, there is also what is called Gestational Diabetes. In all cases, insulin is somehow not doing its job: Insulin is a hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreas, and is needed to allow glucose to enter the cells and produce energy. IfRead MoreDiabetes : An Endocrine System Disorder1210 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes mellitus, or better known as Diabetes, is an endocrine system disorder. In this case, your body is unable to produce enough or any insulin at all. Insulin, produced by the pancreas, has a very important role. When sugar is ingested from food, it is turned into energy for the cells in our body. Without insulin, the transfer of sugar into the cells would be compromised. Insulin is also vital to keep the right balance of sugar in the bloodstream (Hess-Fischl, 2015). If too much insulinRead MorePathophysiology And Pathophysiology Of Diabetes Mellitus T ype 21474 Words   |  6 PagesPharmacology of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Type 2 Diabetes is a chronic condition that millions of people around the world suffer from. It is related to the hormone insulin, which is secreted by islet of Langerhans cells in the pancreas, it regulates the level of glucose in the bloodstream and supports the body with breaking down the glucose to be used as energy. When people have diabetes, the body doesn’t produce enough insulin or cells don’t respond to the insulin that is produced. Type 2 diabetes is oneRead MoreThe Effects Of Diabetes On Human Body1168 Words   |  5 PagesReflecting on the history of diabetes throughout the 20th century, one can note that the number of people with diabetes is a minority, at least in the United States. Notwithstanding that the diabetic compose only about 10% of the United States population, â€Å"Diabetes is the third leading of death in the United States. According to †¦ If it were included, it might as well be the leading cause of death in the United States. Recent reports [reports made in 2007] predict that 95 percent of people born todayRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : A Lifelong Disease935 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes mellitus is a lifelong disease that lessens the body’s ability to use energy found in food. There are three major types of diabetes including type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. People with diabetes cannot break down the sugars and carbohydrates found in food. The main type of sugar the body uses for energy is glucose; Glucose is the special sugar that fuels the cells in your body. These cells also need insulin, which is a hormone that uses glucose to turn into energy for cells. WithRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus ( Dm )1258 Words   |  6 PagesDIABETES Diabetes mellitus (DM), referred to as diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced. There are three main types of diabetes mellitus

Movie Summary Do the Right Thing Essay Example For Students

Movie Summary Do the Right Thing Essay One of the interesting conflicts in â€Å"Do the Right Thing† is Bugging Outs demand to put â€Å"brothers on the wall. † Bugging Out complains to Sal that there is no African Americans on Sal’s â€Å"Wall of Fame. † Sal, as the owner of the shop, gives out a racial response â€Å"American Italians only. † This certain conflict of having â€Å"brothers on the wall† presents the larger issue of black Americans who aren’t recognized for their notable achievements. Bugging Out and Sal’s actions suggest the double consciousness that W. E. B Du Bois ascribes in The Souls of Black Folk, as â€Å"two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body(Du Bois) and in which McKelly describes it as â€Å"an effect of the contradictory positioning of African-American culture within the dominant social order of â€Å"white Americanism(Mckelly). I think that these two â€Å"thoughts† are seen throughout the conflict of â€Å"brothers on the wall† between Sal and Bugging Out. As Bugging Out demands African Americans to be put on the wall, Sal becomes the dominant social order; being the owner of the restaurant that maintains its economic firmness from the black customers in the neighborhood. Bugging Out’s â€Å"brothers on the wall† and Sal’s American Italian â€Å"Wall of Fame† represent McKelly’s â€Å"double consciousness. Du Bois’ view of double consciousness does not entirely match with these two characters because he ascribes it as â€Å"two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body(Du Bois) That â€Å"One Dark Body† refers to these two ideals in one African American, however, here we do not see it in a single body; we see it in Sal and Bugging Out who have two opposing thoughts. In other words, Du Bois’ â €Å"double consciousness â€Å"is integrated in Sal and Bugging Out, just not entirely. On the other hand, McKelly’s â€Å"double consciousness† makes it clear that Bugging Out and Sal have opposing views. Bugging Out who wants African Americans to be recognized for their notable achievements and Sal who does not. During the scene of the conflict of â€Å"brothers on the wall,† Bugging Out says, â€Å"people are free to do whatever the hell they want to do (DTRT). Sal responds, â€Å"Free! Theres no free here! Im the boss† (DTRT). I think that in this scene Bugging Out represents the black leaders who are not recognized. Sal gives Bugging Out no choice but to leave without achieving his goal of having â€Å"brothers on the wall. † Bugging Out lost his recognition inside a â€Å"white† pizzeria. Here, Sal is presented as the â€Å"dominant social order of white Americanism† (McKelly). Bugging Out’s demands of â€Å"brothers on the wall† get him nowhere because he is not the owner of the Pizzeria. As movie critic Roger Ebert states, â€Å"We see no black owned businesses on the street economic discrimination against blacks has been institutionalized for years in America† (Ebert). This statement connects directly with Bugging Outs and Sal’s double consciousness presented in the conflict with having African Americans on the wall. It demonstrates the racial conflict between â€Å"two thoughts, two souls. † These â€Å"two souls† are Bugging Out representing the black leaders who aren’t recognized and Sal representing â€Å"white Americanism. † There is no black owned businesses, only an Italian pizzeria and a Korean grocery store. This is an example of McKelly’s â€Å"double consciousness,† â€Å"the contradictory positioning of African American within white Americanism† (McKelly). This contradictory positioning is seen with Bugging Out and Sal. And at a larger scale with the black neighborhood and Sal’s Pizzeria. .udc8e1cb3fb2a5a45f503a89530fabf8a , .udc8e1cb3fb2a5a45f503a89530fabf8a .postImageUrl , .udc8e1cb3fb2a5a45f503a89530fabf8a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udc8e1cb3fb2a5a45f503a89530fabf8a , .udc8e1cb3fb2a5a45f503a89530fabf8a:hover , .udc8e1cb3fb2a5a45f503a89530fabf8a:visited , .udc8e1cb3fb2a5a45f503a89530fabf8a:active { border:0!important; } .udc8e1cb3fb2a5a45f503a89530fabf8a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udc8e1cb3fb2a5a45f503a89530fabf8a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udc8e1cb3fb2a5a45f503a89530fabf8a:active , .udc8e1cb3fb2a5a45f503a89530fabf8a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udc8e1cb3fb2a5a45f503a89530fabf8a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udc8e1cb3fb2a5a45f503a89530fabf8a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udc8e1cb3fb2a5a45f503a89530fabf8a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udc8e1cb3fb2a5a45f503a89530fabf8a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udc8e1cb3fb2a5a45f503a89530fabf8a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udc8e1cb3fb2a5a45f503a89530fabf8a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udc8e1cb3fb2a5a45f503a89530fabf8a .udc8e1cb3fb2a5a45f503a89530fabf8a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udc8e1cb3fb2a5a45f503a89530fabf8a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Documentary - A Time For Burning EssayDuring the scene of the conflict of â€Å"brothers on the wall,† Sal says, â€Å"you want brothers on the wall, get your own place† (DTRT). I believe that in this scene Spike Lee wanted to give a message showing us that it wasn’t just about Bugging Out demanding recognition for his black â€Å"brothers†; He wanted to show us how bad the economic situation for the black neighborhood was. Their economic position doesn’t allow them to have a place of their own. Without a place of their own there can be no recognition for their black leaders. Bugging Out has the value of leadership in the sense that he doesn’t hold back when offended, however, he doesn’t seem to have the â€Å"looks† to become one. â€Å"In one scene, Bugging Out goes around the neighborhood asking people who want to join his boycott against Sal’s Pizzeria. The people around the neighborhood are Bugging Outs friend, but they don’t support him in the boycott† (DTRT). Bugging Outs actions are those of a leader. He doesn’t give up after all the negative responses. This leadership and rejection represents the message given in the conflict of â€Å"brothers on the wall. Bugging Out isn’t being recognized despite all of the notable actions he is doing. I support Bugging Outs actions. He wants to boycott a place that people have become fond to. This is why people don’t support him. Sal is a good person to the neighborhood, but he is receiving all the income from the black people. The black neighborhood doesn’t excel in income. Bugging Outs actions might suggest that bringing down Sal’s will help his â€Å"brothers† to be recognized. Bugging Out seems to be a person that likes to be recognized among his people. He wants to be recognized for boycotting a â€Å"white† place (Sal’s Pizzeria) that is growing financially from the black neighborhood. His black friends seem to be too stupid to realize that, but Bugging Out knows that he has to do something for his people. The conflict of â€Å"brothers on the wall† give Sal an ambiguous personality. Sal is in constant conflict with two sides. Sal says that his business has grown thanks to the black neighborhood, yet he doesn’t give them recognition in his â€Å"Wall of fame†. His son Pino and Jade are examples of his conflict with his two sides. Pino tries to remind him what they are and where they are supposed to be and Jade pulls him back to the start. She reminds him that Sal’s Pizzeria is where he has to be. As movie critic Roger Ebert states, â€Å"Sal is sincere when he says he likes his customers, and he holds his head in his hands when Pino calls them â€Å"niggers† and berates a simpleminded street person. But in his rage Sal is also capable of using â€Å"nigger† (Ebert). This ambiguity give us two ways to interpret his actions. It is a representation of the â€Å"double consciousness† presented by Du Bois. In one scene, Sal tells Pino that he has seen the kids grow in the neighborhood with his food and which is something he is very proud of I haven’t had any trouble with these people,† and in the scene with Radio Raheem he calls him a â€Å"Nigger† (DTRT). Sal thinks that doing the right thing is to stay in the neighborhood that has given his business life. But the double consciousness is what destroys him in the end. He explodes and calls Radio Raheem a nigger. This is followed by the destruction of his business. His purpose of life to run his business gets destroyed. At its core, Sal and Bugging Out define McKelly’s â€Å"double consciousness† throughout the conflict of having â€Å"brothers on the wall. † Do the Right Thing doesn’t necessarily present Bugging Out and Sal as a hero or villain. It just present us their actions to show us the truth about the racial conflict between the black neighborhood and â€Å"white Americanism. † I think that Bugging Out and Sal where characters that presented the clearest example of the problems African Americans faced despite their notable actions. Here Bugging Out representing the black leaders and Sal representing the problem. .ue3861f6f073a14cac53b413a362d5a85 , .ue3861f6f073a14cac53b413a362d5a85 .postImageUrl , .ue3861f6f073a14cac53b413a362d5a85 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue3861f6f073a14cac53b413a362d5a85 , .ue3861f6f073a14cac53b413a362d5a85:hover , .ue3861f6f073a14cac53b413a362d5a85:visited , .ue3861f6f073a14cac53b413a362d5a85:active { border:0!important; } .ue3861f6f073a14cac53b413a362d5a85 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue3861f6f073a14cac53b413a362d5a85 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue3861f6f073a14cac53b413a362d5a85:active , .ue3861f6f073a14cac53b413a362d5a85:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue3861f6f073a14cac53b413a362d5a85 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue3861f6f073a14cac53b413a362d5a85 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue3861f6f073a14cac53b413a362d5a85 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue3861f6f073a14cac53b413a362d5a85 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue3861f6f073a14cac53b413a362d5a85:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue3861f6f073a14cac53b413a362d5a85 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue3861f6f073a14cac53b413a362d5a85 .ue3861f6f073a14cac53b413a362d5a85-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue3861f6f073a14cac53b413a362d5a85:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The film jaws EssayBibliography: Du Bois, W. E. B. The Souls of Black Folk. Chicago: McClurg, 1903. Web. Do the Right Thing. Dir. Spike Lee. Forty Acres and a Mule Filmworks, 1988. Film. Ebert, Roger. Do the Right Thing Movie Review (1989). Rogerebert.com. Web. 26 Oct. 2014. McKelly, James C. The Double Truth, Ruth: Do the Right Thing and the Culture of Ambiguity. (1988). Web.

Paradise Now in the Israel-Palestine Conflict an Example of the Topic History Essays by

Paradise Now in the Israel-Palestine Conflict by Expert Ivy Writer {PhD} | 28 Dec 2016 Paradise Now is a unique and powerful film about two handsome young Palestinian men who prepare for a suicide attack against the Israelis. One of them backs out in the end. But the other succeeds in blowing up a bus filled with Israeli soldiers. Need essay sample on "Paradise Now in the Israel-Palestine Conflict" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Never before has a film like Paradise Now been made. Although the film covers only the length of a single day during which the young men prepare themselves for the suicide bombing, it provides a unique perspective into the Israel-Palestine conflict. Both parties seem to be fighting for the sake of God. Their respective religions both springing from the faith of Abraham have taught them to right all wrongs through armed struggle if required. In the case of the poor Palestinians, the struggle for justice is meant to send the people that fight for justice to paradise. As a matter of fact, suicide bombing seems like a real solution to the poor people in Palestine. Students Very Often Tell EssayLab professionals: How much do I have to pay someone to make my paper now? Essay writers suggest: Calculate The Price They are desperate to fight, and believe that it is easiest to kill the enemy by also killing themselves. Moreover, suicide bombing is seen as a way for them to enter paradise now, as martyrs in the cause of God. Besides, it is a way to achieve absolute freedom from the problems that haunt them day after day. Their families have been killed, their babies butchered, and their houses have been mown down. Hence, the people of Palestine find it convenient to kill themselves during the fight. What is more, those who engage in suicide attacks, according to Paradise Now, make videos of themselves before the suicide attack, explaining to their people that suicide bombing is the right way to end the Israel-Palestine conflict. Based on a report published in the year 2005, the escalating violence and murders in Israel and the Occupied Territories had brought untold suffering to the Palestinian and Israeli civilian populations in nearly four and a half years. More than one hundred and fifty Palestinian women had been killed during this time by Israeli forces. On the other side, approximately three hundred Israeli women had been butchered by Palestinian armed groups. And, of course, women on both sides had also lost their families, including their husbands and children. Besides, many had lost their homes (Israel and Occupied Territories). There had been an increased militarization of the conflict since the beginning of the Intifada. Palestinian women were already dealing with violence at home, as they came from the traditional patriarchal society of Palestine (Israel) Now they also had to take up arms and turn into suicide bombers in order to take revenge on behalf of their murdered children and other weak members of society. Israeli women, too, had to join the military forces at home so as to fight and destroy the enemy (Halpern). In the process, no doubt, there was an increase in the number of lost lives. Both men and women who engage in suicide attacks against Israelis believe that they would enter paradise as soon as they are done with their suicide bombings. To aggravate the Israeli-Palestine conflict, now youngsters too are participating in suicide attacks. Issa Bdeir was a 16 year old high school student from Al Doha who killed himself in Rishon LeZion whilst killing another teenage boy as well as an elderly man. Nine other suicide attacks were documented between 2000 and 2004 with minors as the perpetrators. Other incidents have been reported since, also involving children as young as 12 years old (Child Suicide Bombers in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict). This was the age of Muhammad Al-Durra as well, the 12 year old innocent boy who was traveling with his father and killed for no rhyme or reason by an Israeli soldier. According to E. Yaghi, His death has become a symbol of freedom and the Palestinian struggle against the Israeli occupation. Muhammad Al-Durra was not the first and the last innocent boy to be killed in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Yet, he became an issue over which the Palestinians got ready to fight hard and long, even through desperate measures like suicide attacks. Apparently it did not matter to either the Palestinians or the Israelis that former President Clinton of the United States reminded both that they were the children of Abraham. The Israelis and the Palestinians continue to fight over a piece of land, and they have been doing so for over sixty years. According to Roger A. Lee: The ongoing conflict between Israel and the Palestinians is both simple to understand, yet deeply complex. At the heart of this conflict is a basic idea that both sides believe: The Israelis believe that they are entitled to the land now known as Israel, while the Palestinians believe that they are entitled to the land they call Palestine. Unfortunately, both sides claim the same land; they simply call the land by different names. For religious Jewish Israelis and religious Palestinian Muslims, the belief is deeper still, for both sides believe that God (called Jehovah by the Jews and Allah by the Muslims), gave them the land, and that to give it away or to give it up to another people is an insult to God and a sin. Ironically, both the Jews and the Muslims believe in one God, who must necessarily be both Jehovah and Allah by name. The God that they believe in is a peaceful God, all out to teach the method of Love your neighbor as you love yourself. Furthermore, although everybody seems to have the interests of both the Israelis and the Palestinians at heart, nobody seems to be doing anything spectacular about it. In other words, the Palestinians cannot get the Israelis off their backs, and vice versa. Neither does a strong government of the world take over the region to help the Israelis and Palestinians coexist. Such coexistence was possible in the Ottoman times, for instance. At present, however, nobody finds Palestinians another place to live. Neither does anybody advise the Israelis to tolerate their neighbors. What is more, even God does not seem to be interfering in the conflict! According to John Spritzler, events such as those depicted in Paradise Now would continue occurring because the Palestinians cannot find a realistic way to resist an implacable force that wants them to disappear or live forever in squalid refugee camps as permanent outcasts from their former towns and villages. The world does not provide them with an answer either. All that it does is to condemn those who engage in suicide attacks, and rightly so. All the same, it is obvious to everyone that nobody has by now discovered a unique solution to help both the Israelis and the Palestinians. It would take very strong leadership on behalf of an inpidual, a party, or a government to stop the Israel-Palestine conflict. The solution is, of course, coexistence. How may the Jews and the Muslims tolerate each other unless both groups wish to act like Cane from the Cane and Able story? The world may either continue watching the two groups butcher each other, or truly take a stand to assist both groups. It is also obvious that both groups have misinterpreted their religion, which cannot seem to find them a way to end the conflict. Even though both are calling upon the same God, they are miserable doing so. It is apparent, therefore, that both groups have misunderstood the correct way of God. Only the method of Loving your neighbor as you love yourself is workable in their situation. But both groups are unwilling to understand this method. Perhaps the world would be better off, therefore, to educate the two battling groups in the region. Ignorance is the cause of Paradise Now. The Israelis, too, are not able to resolve the conflict through educated means. It will be best, therefore, to concentrate first on the education of the two groups. In the present world circumstances, this method is viable through the United Nations. All that it requires now is a matter of commitment. Besides, the world needs to stop taking sides in the conflict. Both the Jews and the Muslims are suffering, and both require urgent assist. All third parties interesting in helping to resolve the conflict must think objectively, and truly resolve the conflict instead of waiting for world reactions. Works Cited Child Suicide Bombers in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Wikipedia, 2007. Available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_suicide_bombers_in_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict. Accessed 23 March 2007. Halpern, Micah D. Middle East Women. Israel Insider, 14 May 2002. Available at http://www.israelinsider.com/index.htm. Accessed 12 December 2006. Israel and Occupied Territories: Conflict, Occupation and Patriarchy Women Carry the Burden. Amnesty International, 31 March 2005. Available at http://web.amnesty.org/library/eng-isr/reports. Accessed 12 December 2006. Lee, Roger A. "The History Guy: The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict," 2007. Available at http://www.historyguy.com/israeli-palestinian_conflict.html. Accessed 23 March 2007. Paradise Now. Film. Directed by Hany Abu-Assad. Warner Independent Pictures, 2005. Spritzler, John. Right and Wrong Responses to Palestinian Suicide Bombers. New Democracy, 24 March 2005. Available at http://www.newdemocracyworld.org/suicide-bombers.htm. Accessed 23 March 2007. Yaghi, E. The story about Mohammed al-durra with all my due respect. Palestine Remembered, 2001. Available at http://www.palestineremembered.com/Gaza/al-Masmiyya-al-Kabira/Story218.html. Accessed 23 March 2007.

Task Centered And Crisis Intervention Evaluation Social Work Essay Essays

Task Centered And Crisis Intervention Evaluation Social Work Essay Essays Task Centered And Crisis Intervention Evaluation Social Work Essay Essay Task Centered And Crisis Intervention Evaluation Social Work Essay Essay Choose a societal work intercession, measure its theoretical roots and influences and compare it to at least one other attack. Describe briefly how you would use your chosen attack in work with a service user or carer group and measure its effectivity. Use at least one piece of research to inform your rating. You will necessitate to show the ability to observe, understand and measure potency for favoritism by and large with peculiar accent on two specific countries. This paper will measure the theoretical roots and influences of two psychological societal work intercession theories task-centred and crisis intercession. They will be applied to pattern with a kids and household scene. The possible for each intercession to know apart on the evidences of age and race will be demonstrated and evaluated. Both theories will be contrasted and evaluated in footings of their strengths, failings and effectivity, by usage of informed literature and research. Theories can supply societal workers with a safe base to research state of affairss and understand complex human behavior ( Coulshed and Orme 2006 ) . Used sagely, they can advance effectual, anti-oppressive pattern ( Wilson 2008 ) . Theory underpins the societal work grade ( Coulshed and Orme ) and the turning accent on evidence-based pattern ensures theory is at the bosom of the profession ( Corby 2006 ) . The most important theory within societal work is Freud s psychodynamic theory ( Daniel 2008 ) . Payne ( 2007:80 ) goes say far every bit to propose that psychodynamic work is societal work . It was the original theory societal workers drew upon to understand complex human behavior ( Coulshed and Orme 2006 ) . It is besides the theory from which many others have been developed or as Payne ( 2005 ) suggests, opposed. For these grounds, it can be hard to understand other theories without cognition of psychodynamic ( QUOTE, QUOTE ) . Psychodynamic is a major underpinning base of crisis intercession, more specifically, ego psychological science, developmental psychological science, and cognitive behavioral attacks and systems theory ( McGinnis 2009 ) . These theories provide an apprehension of the peculiar psychological feature of people in such state of affairss ( Beckett 2006, p110 ) . By contrast, task-centred was established within societal work. Steming specifically, from Reid and Shyne s ( 1969 ) research into the profession ( McColgan ( Lindsay ed. ) 2010 ) . Reid and Shyne claim the roots and influences of task-centred were non derived or borrowed from any other subject ( Parker and Bradley, 2010 ; Watson and West, 2006 ) . Therefore, Trevithick ( 2005 ) suggests task-centred should be referred to as a work or pattern , instead than an attack. However, many authors contest this, including Doel ( 2009 ) and Marsh ( 2008 ) who assert association lies with behavioral and problem-solving attacks to societal work. On contemplation there are blunt similarities between problem-solving tool and behavioral. Task-centred is basically a problem-solving tool, furthermore itaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ Crisis intercession was developed by Caplan from Lindeman and Caplan s work into loss and heartache ( QUOTE ) . It is non a individual theoretical account in the manner that task-centred casework is a individual theoretical account, but instead a group of theoretical accounts for short-run work with people at points of acute crisis ( Beckett 2006, p110 ) . A crisis is a precipitating risky event which is meaningful or endangering to oneself ( Payne 2005:104 ) . Crisiss are frequently caused by sudden loss or alteration ( McGinnis 2010:39 ) . However, it is non the event that defines a crisis, but instead the service user s perceptual experience and emotional reading ( Parker and Bradley 2010 ) . What may show a crisis for one may be considered a challenge for another because people have different life experiences, cultural backgrounds, get bying schemes and degrees of resiliency. Crisiss can be predicable, as in Erikson s psychosocial theoretical account ( which views developmental struggles as portion of the life class ) , or unpredictable crises which can non be foreseen for case, a natural catastrophe, sick wellness and poorness or even a burglary ( Hamer 2006 ) ( ONLINE ) . Crisiss cut down the psychological header ability by disputing the homeostasis ( normal equilibrium ) ( Thompson 1991 ) . When 1 s usual header resources are unsuccessful in reacting to their job and they can non follow alternate internal schemes or happen another manner to get by, they are likely to happen themselves in crisis ( Hamer 2006 ) . Caplan argued, that people act as self-acting systems ( Trevithick 2005:267 ) , in that they strive to retain homeostasis. He believed that in add-on to the occasional crises caused by unannounced events people experience developmental crisis throughout the life class. He farther argued that preventive work, offered at the clip of such developmental crises, might be effectual in cut downing symptoms of psychiatric unwellness ( Wilson et al. 2008: 361 ) . Unsuccessfully single-minded crises can take to psychologically disabling experiences such as arrested development, mental unwellness, feelings of hopefulness and insufficiency, or destructive action ( Wilson et al. 2008:362 ) . Equally, crises can stir up pent-up feelings ( Coulshed and Orme 2006 ) . For illustration, a matrimony dislocation may reactivate pent-up feelings of rejection and loss from being taken into attention as a kid. This can add to the sense of feeling overwhelmed and overburdened ( a double dosage ) ( Coulshed and Orme 2006:135 ) . While this may supply the chance to turn to a pent-up event, the more unsolved crises one has, the more vulnerable they are to future crises ( Hamer 2006 ) . Similarly, if unhelpful get bying mechanisms are employed during a crisis, this has the possible to make another crisis ( Watson and West 2006 ) . Crisiss produce biological emphasis responses whereby the battle or flight mechanism is activated . CHINESE MODEL This energy can be fuelled into developing new get bying schemes and resiliency for now and the hereafter ( Thompson 1991, p20 ) . Thompson ( 1991:10 mentioning Caplan 1961 ) uses to his three phase theoretical account to understand the features of a crisis. The impact phase is ephemeral and characterised by emphasis and confusion where the event can look unreal. The 2nd is the kick phase . This is characterised by disorganization and strength of emotion . For illustration, emotions can be directed externally ( choler ) , internally ( guilt ) or both at the same time. There may be psychical symptoms every bit good such as, weariness, concerns ( and ) tummy upset . The concluding phase is adjustment and adaptation . Crisiss take on mean four to eight hebdomads to decide and it is during this concluding period that a crisis can be resolved as a discovery or dislocation ( Thompson 1991:10 ) . If unhelpful get bying mechanisms are used during this phase, they have the possible to make another crisis ( Watson and West 2006 ) . As such, skilled crisis intercession during this clip can take to a discover y ( Thompson 1991:10 ) . For application to pattern, Roberts 2000 cited in Wilson et al 2008:366 Uses a seven phase theoretical account: Assess hazard A ; safety of service user Establish resonance and appropriate communicating Identify and specify major jobs Deal with feelings and supply support Explore possible alternate responses Formulate action program Provide follow up service IN APP: Try to happen trigger but do nt acquire lost in it What is go oning to them? How do they usually cope internally/externally? Do they utilize merely psychological or societal and community resources to good consequence? Opp to assist back to homeo but besides to better Min danger enhance hazard Mobilise support system advocator Calm, reassure, resonance, involvement Develop new techs of get bying thro guidance Remember individual unfastened for limited period Get SU to put ends give beginning and sense of control Short term incremental to construct assurance and new acquisition Do nt put up for failure If utilizing the illustration given above, the state of affairs does non represent a crisis, but instead a series of/or big job, task-centred can be utilised to turn to these. Task-centred pattern involves five structured stairss which are indispensable to its effectivity ( HOWE BOOK ) : The first measure is for the societal worker to understand the jobs faced, the methods used to react to the job and the preferable state of affairs. These are defined and expressed by the service user ( Thompson, 2005 ) . Anna expresses she is experiencing low since the recent birth of her boy, she is disquieted she does non hold the natural mothering ability and can non retrieve the last clip she last had an grownup conversation. She does nt cognize where to turn for aid. The societal worker explores cultural and structural XXXXX it becomes clear that Anna can non state her household how she is experiencing because it is frowned upon by her civilization. She would love to experience happy and in control once more. Using feminist perspectiveaˆÂ ¦.. Her cultureaˆÂ ¦.. AgeaˆÂ ¦.. During the following phase the societal worker encourages Anna to prioritize which parts of the jobs she would wish to work on first. With support she breaks the job down in manageable balls. This procedure helps Anna to see that her job is non unsurmountable ; it gives her hope and a focal point. It is indispensable during this clip that the societal worker remains empathic and physiques Anna hopes. The undermentioned phase is based upon dialogue in partnership. Together, Anna and societal worker hold a upper limit of three jobs for coveted alteration. Each end must be specific, mensurable, accomplishable, realistic and time-bound ( Doel AND WHO YEAR p36 ) to guarantee Anna is non set for failure. The first of undertaking might be for Anna will see the local Children s Centre following hebdomad to happen out what services they offer. The 2nd measure could be go toing a session as the Children s Centre. A timeline for the undertakings ( normally 12 hebdomadal Sessionss ) , together with understanding of who will finish which undertakings will organize a written contract, signed by both parties. The agreed contract is implemented and monitored until rating or expiration. This allows for flexibleness should this be required ( such as extension of clip or reorganization of jobs ) . Anti-oppressive pattern lies at its nucleus of task-centred and the values of societal work pattern are integrated. Partnership working promotes societal justness and seeks to cut down the power instability between worker and service user. Thompson ( 2007, p50 ) agrees saying user engagement and partnership working are portion of a political committedness to advancing societal justness, societal inclusion and equality. These facets are farther supported by the British Association of Codes of Practice, Codes of Ethics for Social Work ( DATE ) ( 24 October 2010 ) . The publicity of pick for service users by their ain designation of the job and prioritisation of their ends empowers. It besides views the service as an expert in their state of affairs. The nature of interrupting down jobs ( frequently considered unsurmountable ) builds a sense of hope for service users to get the better of them ( QUOTE ) The simpleness of the theoretical account means it is easy to understand and use and enables service user to utilize it for future job resolution ( Doel and Marsh 1995 ) . This builds resiliency and empowers service users. The theoretical account recognises and physiques upon service users strengths because it considers they have the personal resources to work out their jobs with limited support. This empowers by enabling service users to take control and ownership ( McColgan, ( Lindsay ed. ) 2010 ) . A contract provides transparence and lucidity. It places the focal point on the job, instead than the person. It besides allows for flexibleness for the degree or continuance of support to be increased or ends to be reorganised. Because the theoretical account is time-limited it decreases the hazard of dependence and creates motive to react to undertakings ( Doel AND WHO, DATE, p36 ) . The successful completion of undertakings, lead to personal growing of the service user, in footings of assurance and self-pride for now and for the hereafter. For the worker and bureau it offers a clip and cost effectual intercession. It besides saves on future resources by constructing service users to work out their ain jobs in the hereafter. A note of cautiousness is that it would be oppressive and uneffective if used with service users with limited cognitive operation ( such as hapless mental wellness, larning disablement or dementedness ) . The theoretical account is besides incompatible where there are complex underlying issues because it can non turn to them. Additionally, it may non see structural subjugation such as category, poorness, sick wellness, gender or racial subjugation. Because of the nature of partnership, service users need to be willing to take part for the theoretical account to be effectual ( Trevithick 2005 ) . A written, signed contract may promote a power instability between societal worker and service user, puting the societal worker as the expert. Marsh ( Davies ed. 2008 ) warns that while task-centred pattern may be the most popular theory among societal work pupils, possibly owing to its simpleness. The quality of its application is frequently undermined. Many believing they are transporting out task-centred pattern work, when really they are non. Page 121 BBB In using crisis intercession the societal worker must set up a resonance with Anna utilizing accomplishments of empathy and active hearing, while besides measuring the hazard of injury to Anna and her kid ( Mc Ginnis 2010 ) . Importance should besides be given to the non-verbal communicating of the service user. Anna should be supported in researching the job ( the aim facts ) and her emotional response to the job ( the subjective ) ( Beckett 2006 ) . The societal worker can help by inquiring sensitive unfastened inquiries ( to guarantee it remains Anna s narrative ) and reacting by demoing credence. McGinnis ( 2010, p45 ) claims demoing credence is cardinal to effectual relationship edifice . It can besides advance anti-oppressive pattern and societal justness by non judging the service user. The information collected should concentrate upon the here and now, although the yesteryear should be acknowledged. The societal worker should happen out the efforts Anna has made to react to her job, while at the same clip reassuring Anna. McGinnis ( 2010:45 ) suggests accomplishing reassurance by gently reframe ( ing ) the client s perceptual experience of ego and events into a more realistic apprehension of the state of affairs . Therefore, the societal worker could state I imagine you feel stray ; It sounds as if you have had a batch to get by with one you own . Empathy should be shown the full intercession by the societal worker, by usage of lexis and non-verbal communicating. If the service user is assessed as being in crisis the societal worker can explicate the construct of crisis intercession and agree the nature of the work to be carried out. Arguably crisis intercession is besides anti-oppressive. It seeks to consequence positive alteration in behavior now and for the hereafter, through the edifice of resiliency and get bying mechanisms. It can besides let go of service users from their yesteryear by turn toing pent-up issues. All of which consequences in authorization of service user. Empowerment is a aˆÂ ¦ . of the GSCC Codes of Practice QUOTE Integrates with codifications of pattern WHAT CODES Active hearing and empathy Crisis intercession provides a safe construction of intercession for societal worker, service user and usage by voluntary bureaus in add-on to statutory. Quotation mark The clip limited nature is anti-oppressive because it reduces the hazard of dependence for the service user. Additionally, it provides an economical intercession for the societal worker and bureau. This is supported by research undertaken by the NCHaˆÂ ¦ . ( QUOTE ) Factors such as single civilization, values, gender, race, category and age can be taken into history because the service user is the expert and specify their ain experience. ( QUOTE ) Crisis intercession can be applied to many state of affairss, viz. , predictable crises in line with Erikson s self-importance psychological science theoretical account and unpredictable crises. ( QUOTE ) Conversely, there are many unfavorable judgments. The service user must be committed to working with the societal worker to consequence alteration ( QUOTE ) The very nature of the word crisis can take to the theory being used inappropriatelyaˆÂ ¦.. southwest may presume su in crisis due to event There is an instability in the power moral force between societal worker and service user because of the vulnerable nature of the service due to the crises. Furthermore, the societal work is considered the expert. This can go forth room for unethical behavior on the societal workers portion ( QUOTE ) As crisis is ephemeral, many societal work bureaus may non be able to react fast adequate to take full advantage of this window ( Wilson et al. 2008 ) . KEYWORD the brevity of the intercession may non be long plenty to decide a service users issues to the full ( QUOTE ) Research suggests that people respond to crises otherwise and at changing velocities, due to age, civilization and cognitive damages. Thus the theoretical account may necessitate to be adapted to accommodate the service user and the state of affairs, although, version may render it insecure for pattern ( Wilson et al 2008 ) . The theory involves active hearing and empathy on behalf of the societal worker. As the intercession involves usage of active hearing and empathy on behalf of the societal worker, this may arouse many emotions. The societal worker must stay empathic and professional with an consciousness of ego. Supervision besides vital for the societal workeraˆÂ ¦ . QUOTE For the service user the nature of the intercession can be intrusive QUOTE Crisis intercession is besides criticised as being Eurocentric. Ignoring different traditions and civilizations and being concerned merely with repairing the job every bit rapidly as possible ( Wilson et al. 2008 ) . This can take to oppressive pattern. Quote In decision Psychodynamic as discussed, was the theory of the twenty-four hours. It provided harmonizing to Howe ( 2009 ) , complex, inefficient, open-ended intercession. In comparing, task-centred offered an effectual, merely structured, easy to understand, time-limited attack, which dealt with the here and now ( Howe, 2009 ) . Reid and Shyne s concluded through their research, that short-run intercession was effectual ( Trevithick 2005 ) , and that problem-solving was more likely to be successful if a deadline was in topographic point ( Marsh Davies erectile dysfunction. 2008 ) . ingredients of a crisis reaction can non be identified, i Summary While both intercessions are suited for differing state of affairss, there are several similarities. Both are individualistic-reformist in that neither genuinely addresses societal alteration. Both have the possible to suppress and know apart, but this can be overcome if appraisals are sensitive to anti-oppressive pattern ( Wilson et al. 2008:366 ) . They are both time-limited. Payne ( 2005:105 ) citing James and Gilliland ( 2001 ) intents there are three crisis intercession theoretical accounts: The equilibrium theoretical account Caplan s ( 1965 ) original attack. Persons are seen as sing disequilibrium. The focal point is upon return them to equilibrium enabling them to react efficaciously to their jobs. Second, The cognitive theoretical account Associated with Roberts ( 2000 ) Ego psychological science developed by Erikson, views the class of life as a series mileposts through which conflicts occur. Developmental psychological science considers early experiences form personalities in maturity. ( Daniel ed-Davies 2008 ) ; cognitive behavioral attacks and systems theory ( McGinnis 2009:37 ) . 3.3 Strengths ( pay attending to AOP and values ) Time limited reduces hazard of dependence In line with codifications of pattern WHAT CODES SU more unfastened to assist and alter at a clip of crisis ( for a limited period )

The Relationship Between an Employer and Employee Case Study

The Relationship Between an Employer and Employee - Case Study Example Through the contract, an employee gets to understand his or her duties, while the employer defines his conditions and terms for the job. In this case, there is no mention of a written contact, so it can only be assumed that June’s relationship to Westwood University Library, which is an employee-employer relationship, is based on an implied contract. The job advertisement also mentioned of the position being long term, which would be taken to mean permanent. However, from the case, it is clear that June works on a contractual basis, which is contrary to what she understood during her job application. It is also clear that June has sometimes had to work overtime, which is an issue that ought to have been highlighted in her agreement with her employer. Apart from the work contact, Westwood University Library’s policy on social networking requires employees to use their professional acumen while using social media, and also to be careful of their communications on twitter and face book, especially communication between Westwood’s employees and any other form of communication on these sites, that has the potential of being seen by Westwood employees. June however went ahead and posted a negative comment on face book regarding bosses, despite being aware that this would be seen by Malcolm, her immediate supervisor, since he is her face book friend. Malcolm, who is June’s immediate supervisor and also the human resource manager at Westwood University Library, has the habit of bullying June. This can be seen from several comments he has made such as â€Å"Can I expect you will start doing a good job now?†, when June got accepted at the university for a post graduate course. He was also once overheard saying that â€Å"June will never get a promotion while she hides behind a lens† and â€Å"Her belly dancing costume would be more appropriate than the clothes she wears to work†. From this, it is clear that Malcolm has the habit of criticizing June’s work and making negative comments regarding her style of dressing, and usually adding what he would prefer to see her wear. Relation between the Case and relevant Principles of Law The Australian law recognizes both written and implied contracts of employment. The terms and conditions which define the relationship existing between the employees and the employer are established through common law. June’s employment case did not mention of a written agreement between her and Westwood, but she undertook the responsibility, therefore probably on an implied contract. However, a contract of service can be established through the existing authority of command, control, chances of risk and profits, and ownership of tools in Westwood among others. There is a structured workplace agreement that places a higher authority and control on the employer to set other employment conditions beyond the National employment standard.1Here, the employee accepts t o perform specific work for his employer, availing his labor for use within the limits of the employer’s managerial privilege. In exchange, the employee is entitled to receive remuneration for the labor used. In reference to employers and employees relations, the employers are in a position to direct what work is to be done, the duration of working hours per day, take responsibility for financial risk, as well as employee’s superannuation and regular payment.2 June’s contract of employment stated that it was a long term position (an indefinite period). Her employer defined mandatory daytime hours of work and defined her duties to be within the administrative roles. She has an immediate supervisor least to mention other superior staffs, which defines the structure of

Career Development Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Career Development - Personal Statement Example I thought a lot about my next steps after graduation during my studies, and finally I decided to take up a Kimberly-Clark graduate program. I felt I still had lots of things to learn, and this program, which offered moving jobs, was an ideal way to acquire knowledge and experience, to get acquainted with various operating strategies and techniques, to see the different working styles. Besides, Kimberly-Clark is a very successful company, and it has a lot to offer to its employees. I was fascinated by the possibility to study from people who created and managed one of the biggest and most successful companies in Europe. Working for Kimberly-Clark is my first working experience in the field of Supply Chain Management, and I feel I've made the right choice. When I decided to study for to get the Supply Chain Management degree, I considered the possibility that some day I would have to change my occupation for some reasons. I found that the Supply Chain Manager can easily transition to Purchasing Management, Logistics and Procurement Management. Of course, the specifics of work is different for each of those specializations, but the basic education the Supply Manager has allows him/her to adapt to the new working requirements and get needed knowledge in a relatively short period of time. The supply chain management software can be divided into two major groups. Those are Supply chain planning (SCP) software and Supply chain execution (SCE) software. Supply chain planning (SCP) software is used for to improve the efficiency of the supply chain. The characteristic feature of this software is that it is entirely dependent from the accuracy of the information you feed it. This type of software is used for to track the quantity and whereabouts of materials or goods, for predicting the quantity of products the customers will need next month/year, etc. There are applications designed for each stage of the working process, and each of them has its specific functions. Supply chain execution (SCE) software is used for automating the different stages of the supply chain, like electronically routing the orders for the needed materials to the suppliers. The accuracy and reliability of the software depends on the accuracy and reliability of data you feed it. The updates to supply management software are produced frequently, and I usually install them, as I feel I should use all of the opportunities the manufacturers of this product present, as it makes my job much easier. Every day on my working place presents me some new tasks and challenges, and I rarely do some routine work. Of course, there are some things I usually do, but there is not much of them. My typical day in the office may start from responding to the requests the market sector manager makes. For example, he may request me to present a report on savings achieved by the market sector, as he does once a month. Than I would devote my time to planning next steps of the project and having meetings with my project team. At the end of the working day I may organize a meeting with the suppliers and discuss their performance during the last year. Of course, there is more movement on the market before holidays, and I have more things to do and to plan. Christmas and New Year time are the busiest, as the amount of orders increases, and, of course, there are a lot of tasks to finish at the end of the fiscal year. The goods Kimberly Clark produces are in demand 365 days a year,

Enhanced Reading Instructions Essay Example for Free

Enhanced Reading Instructions Essay Differentiated Instructional need of students makes it imperative for a teacher to plan out her instruction in small groups and separate reading centres to give students ample practice. Teachers form small flexible groups of students ,meeting twice or thrice a week for a specific time. The teacher draws up similar structure† to generate ideas, stimulate thinking, make plans and create a desire†. (Cited in Guiding writing and Observing Reading, p. 385). Teachers† find more opportunity to use their knowledge and skills more fully and effectively†. (cited in Making Instructional Decisions, p. 461). â€Å"Many use alternative strategies in   order to meet the special need of the students† (Modifying Lessons, p. 461) Alternative lesson structures recommends the use of at least two types of lesson structures. One Guided Reading and the other Skill Focused Lessons. It follows a pattern where the text is selected, introduced, read and discussed. In a Teacher- led- centre, â€Å"the option most favored today, centre on integrated curriculum, an effort to connect the language arts with other subject areas, often through themes. Integration is encouraged across all subject areas, including math â€Å". (Basal Readers and Instructional Materials, Chp13, p. 0) â€Å"Skill development and practice activities are often interspersed with creative enrichment ideas in the teacher’s guide. †(Chp13, p. 460) Students who need focused learning to become fluent and accurate in their usage, Skill Focused Lessons are planned out by a teacher, like †writing, talking,.. brainstorming role playing, doodling, drawing, cartooning, jotting own ideas, taking notes, interviewing and even forming mental images through visualization and graphic organizers. †(Guiding Writing and Observing Reading p. 385). Thus guidelines are set , which help enhance effective reading writing in a classroom. Reference http://www.fcrr.org/assessment/pdf/smallgroupalternativelessonstructures.pdf

Germany Essay -- essays research papers

Germany is the fourth largest country in area in Europe, with a total area of 356,970 square kilometers (137,827 square miles). The country has a varied terrain that ranges from low-lying coastal flats along the North and Baltic seas, to a central area of rolling hills and river valleys, to heavily forested mountains and snow-covered Alps in the south. Germany has a long, complex history and rich culture, but it did not become a unified nation until 1871. Before that time, Germany had been a confederacy (1815-1867). The country has a total of 82,071,765 people (1997 estimate). Germany is overwhelmingly urban, and most people lead a prosperous, comfortable lifestyle, with adequate leisure time and comprehensive social welfare benefits. Berlin is the capital and largest city, although Bonn, which was the provisional capital of West Germany, is still home to some government offices. The principal language is German, and about 70 percent of the people are either Roman Catholic or Protestant. Germany has a very large and modern industrial economy and is a leading producer of such products as iron and steel, machinery and machine tools, and automobiles. Germany is an economic powerhouse in the European Union (EU), and its currency, the deutsche mark (DM), is among the strongest in the world. Germany ranks as the fourth largest country in Europe, after European Russia (the part of Russia west of the Ural Mountains), France, and Spain. Germany ...

Physiological Disorders Essay

In this assignment I will be looking at the nature of two named physiological disorders. I will explain its sign and symptoms and access possible difficulties involved in the diagnosis of the disorders from their signs and symptoms. The two physiological disorders are coronary heart disease and breast cancer. Coronary heart disease: Coronary heart disease is the build-up of plaque such as cholesterol and other fatty substances within the coronary arteries causing a reduced or no supply of oxygen to the heart. The process of plaque lining the coronary arteries is called arteriosclerosis. Coronary heart disease can be caused and triggered by many different factors. These include: Smoking; lifetime smoking roughly doubles your risk of developing heart disease because the chemicals in tobacco get into the bloodstream from the lungs and they damage the blood vessels and other parts of the body. It is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease; High blood pressure; the blood pressure can become dangerous the higher it gets. An increased of blood pressure is an increase of the force of blood against the walls of the arteries and the higher the blood pressure the higher the likelihood the walls of the arteries can become damaged. This can lead to stiffness of the arteries making them less flexible which can lead to the build-up of cholesterol, even after being used on cells the extra gets deposited inside the artery wall lining which can lead to atherosclerosis and this can occur from unhealthy diet intake. Your blood pressure and cholesterol level are also important. All people aged over 40 should have a cardiovascular health risk assessment’ usually available at your GP surgery. If you have a high risk of developing cardiovascular disease, treatment to reduce high blood pressure (hypertension) and/or cholesterol may be advised. Physical activity like exercising helps reduce blood pressure and the likelihood of obesity; Diabetes, people with diabetes have the same risk of developing heart disease as a person who has had a heart attack but who doesn’t have diabetes; obesity, obese individuals are more likely to have high blood pressure, diabetes and high blood fats. If your blood vessel are narrow due to a build-up of atheroma or if the symptoms of coronary heart disease cannot be controlled using medication, surgery may be needed to open up or replace the blocked arteries in severe cases heart transplants may even be needed if the heart is too damaged to function after a serious  build-up of plaque or after a heart attack. Breast cancer: Breast cancer is the serious disorder that is very common amongst both men and women in today’s day and age. In the UK about 1 in 8 women develop breast cancer at some stage of their life and also it is the most common frequently investigated cancer in quality of life studies. The breasts and every other part of our body is made up of millions of individual cells normally they would function to multiply and grow in an orderly way the body has implicated, however in cancer this process goes wrong and dysfunctional cells begin to multiply rapidly and uncontrollably. It has not been proven why exactly the breast cancer is caused however there are many risk factors that are associated with breast cancer which if taken into consideration can help reduce the risk of the likelihood of getting breast cancer. Some of the risk factors: obesity and alcohol abuse; if a woman loses weight and limits alcohol intake, her risk of developing breast cancer may diminish; age, it is most common for women to develop breast cancer at an older age particularly women who have been through menopause and are over the age of 50; and some studies also have shown that diet and vitamins play a role in breast cancer risk the use of antiperspirants containing specific chemicals and environmental chemical use are also uncertain risk factors; previous breast cancer if you have previously has breast cancer you are at higher risk of obtaining and developing the disease again, this can be either in the same breast or in the other one; Alcohol, studies have showed that women who drink alcohol on a daily basis are more likely to develop diseases than those who do not drink at all. If you are concerned about a history of breast cancer in your family you should see GP and they will want to take a family history. Before seeing your GP it is a good idea to try to find out who in your family has been diagnosed with breast cancer at what age they were diagnosed ad their exact blood relationship to you. On the basis of the family history, it is usually possible for your GP to access your risk as either near-normal, moderate or high. If your risk is moderate or high then if you wish you may be referred to be a doctor who is specialist for further assessment and counselling. There are many treatments of breast cancer, the seriousness and the type of cancer will result in what type of treatment is chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is given to advanced stage of breast cancer. And it is a nurse role to educate the women receiving chemotherapy about the  names of drugs and they are administered and their side effects. P2- Explain the signs and symptoms related to two named physiological disorders. Coronary heart disease The main symptom of coronary heart disease is angina. Angina is chest pain that occurs when the blood supply to the muscles of the heart is restricted. It usually happens because the arteries supplying the heart become hardened and narrowed. This can be a mild, uncomfortable feeling similar to indigestion. However, a severe angina attack can cause a painful feeling of heaviness or tightness, usually in the centre of the chest which may spread to the arms, neck, jaw, back or stomach. It is often triggered by physical activity or stressful situations. Symptoms usually pass in less than 10 minutes and can be relieved by resting or using a nitrate tablet or spray. If your arteries become completely blocked, it can cause a heart attack. A heart attack can cause severe pain in the centre of your chest, which may feel like very bad digestion or you can have mild pain and feel unwell. Symptoms can happen suddenly but sometimes the pain can develop more slowly. Symptoms include: a feeling of heaviness, squeezing or crushing in the centre of your chest, feeling dizzy, feeling breathless and feeling sick or vomiting. The symptoms of a heart attack can be similar to indigestion. A heart attack can happen at any time, including while you are resting and if heart pains last longer than 15 minutes it may be the start of a heart attack. Unlike angina the symptoms of a heart attack are not usually relieved using a nitrate tablet or spray. Heart failure can also occur in people with coronary heart disease when the heart becomes weak to pump blood around the body which can cause fluid to build up in the lungs that makes it increasingly difficult to breathe. The most common signs and symptoms of heart failure are shortness of breath or trouble breathing; fatigue; and swelling in the ankles, feet, legs, stomach and veins in the neck. All of these symptoms are the result of fluid build-up in your body. When symptoms start, you may feel tire and short of breath after routine physical effort like climbing stairs. Breast cancer The usual first symptom is a painless lump in the breast. Most breast lumps are fluid-filled cysts or fibro adenomas which are benign. Benign neoplasms  are often the complication of fibrocystic hyperplasia and common in young women between 18-25 years and rare after the age of 50. However, you should always see a doctor if a lump develops as the breast lump may be cancerous. Other symptoms which may be noticed in the affected breast include: Changes in the size or shape of a breast Dimpling or thickening of some of the skin on a part of a breast The nipple becoming inverted (turning in) Rarely a discharger occurring from a nipple (which may be blood-stained) A rare type of breast cancer, causing a rash around the nipple, which can look similar to a small patch of eczema Rarely, pain in a breast. Pain is not a usual early symptom but many women develop painful breasts and this is not usually caused by cancer. P3- Describe the investigation that are carried out to enable the diagnosis of these physiological disorders? Coronary Heart Disease require many tests and investigations before a diagnosis can be made such as electrocardiogram which is also known as (ECG) is one of the most widely used tests for detecting heart problems with the help of this that regulates the heart cycle of contraction and relaxation. A number of electrodes (small, sticky patches) put on your arms, legs and chest. It’s important to have an electrocardiogram as part of an initial evaluation for any individual who is suspected of or diagnosed with coronary heart disease the test is likely to be repeated periodically to find out the occurrence of heart examinations. In some cases you may have an exercise ECG test or stress test; this is when an ECG recording is taken while you are exercising. If you experience pain while exercising, the test can help identify whether your symptoms are caused by angina which is usually due to CHD. Blood tests pick up abnormalities that influence how well the heart working e.g. they can detect raised levels of cholesterol, which may lead to CHD, abnormal levels of thyroid hormones which can affect the heart muscle cells are damaged in a heart attack. You may need to have a number of blood tests to monitor the activity of the heart; these may include cardiac enzyme tests which ca n show whether there has been recent damage to the heart muscle. An X-ray may be used to look at the heart, lungs and chest wall and this can help rule out any other conditions that may be causing your symptoms. If your doctor feels you are risk of CHD, they may carry out a  risk assessment. This involves asking about your medical and family history, your life style and blood test as I’ve already mentioned. If you have CHD you’re GP or practice nurse can tell you what your ideal weight is in relation to your build and height. Body mass index will be measured. You also need to regular exercise to make your heart and blood circulatory system more efficient, lower your cholesterol level, and also keep your blood pressure at a healthy level Breast Cancer has many investigations that take place before a diagnosis can be made such as a Biopsy is when a sample is taken of lump or abnormal area the biopsy sample is then analysed in a laboratory and the cells are examined this allows the doctors to see exactly what type of cancer it is and whether it’s likely to grow slowly or more quickly. There are many types of biopsies that can be used including core needle biopsy, blood tests and fine needle aspiration and excision biopsy. Scans can measure the size of the cancer and whether it has spread to other parts of the body or nearby this is called staging the cancer. Once the type and stage of the cancer is known the doctors can discuss with the individual how best to treat them. The different types of scans that can be used include ultrasounds, mammograms and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); ultrasound is an imaging technique that used sound waves to create a picture of the breast tissue. It is generally used as a test to a mammogram an ultra sound is the best way to check whether the lump is a solid or filled with fluid a mammogram is one of the most important tools to diagnose breast cancer. It is a breast X-Ray which helps to detect breast cancer, even before there are any obvious signs and symptoms. In the UK, women between 50 and 70 are invited to have a mammogram every three years as part of a national breast screening programme. The procedure is very safe and it doesn’t make more than 20 minutes there is some discomfort and pain in the breasts when the breast is pressed on an upper and lower plate. MRI imaging technology used in the diagnosis of cancer unlike a mammogram that uses X-Rays to get the images of the breast, MRI use magnets and radio waves to create 3D images of the breast tissue. Sometimes a dye is injected in to the individuals arm cancer cells need a large amount of blood supply for their growth and the MRI shows where and whether the dye is concentrated in certain areas indicating cancer cells and the picture it appears as a white dark background. Having investigations for a breast problem can be a  worrying and stressful time. The staff in the clinic will know that you want results as soon as possible and your specialist may be able to tell you what they think the outcome might be. However, the results of all the investigations you’ve had are usually needed before you can be given more detailed information. The clinic will let you know how and when you’ll get your results. M1- Assess possible difficulties involved in the diagnosis of the disorders from their signs and symptoms. There are many possible difficulties that can be involved in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease and one of them is ECG. Even though an ECG is an important test for detecting heart problems it isn’t advisable to have an ECG done every year because there are two reasons for this. The first is that there isn’t yet evidence that routine screening actually improves long-term health outcomes. Secondly, ECGS provide too many false-positive tests, especially in women leading to unnecessary additional tests and too many false-negative tests which lead to missed abnormalities. However, this advice could change in the future depending on new evidence from the clinical trials. People who are older or out of shape have arthritis, lung disease, vascular disease or other medical conditions or those who cannot exercise enough to undergo the exercise tolerance test take a phar macologic stress test. In place of exercise patients are given medications that increase the hearts need for blood, allowing doctors to detect blockages that obstruct the supply of blood. However, the test is considered safe for most people. Problems that can be involved in the diagnosis of breast cancer can include many women finding having a mammography to be uncomfortable or even painful but this is normally just for a short time. However some women may find that the pain or soreness lasts for a few days. Mammograms can sometimes show an abnormal area in the breast that is later found not to be a cancer when further tests are carried out. This is known as a false-positive result. It takes a lot of time to get the results for further tests and it can be a very worrying time and some women may continue to feel anxious even after they’ve been told they don’t have breast cancer (negative result). About 1 in 10 women who have breast screening will have an abnormal result and be asked to go for further tests. The tests may include more mammograms, ultrasound scans or biopsies of the  breast tissue which can cause pain or scarring. Most of the women asked back for further tests won’t have breast cancer. 1 or 2 mammograms to be takes again for various reasons including the following; The x-ray picture is blurred and cannot be read by the doctor; there is some kind of equipment failure for example the machine that processes the x-ray films breasts down however this is very rare. The mammogram missed part of the breast and it needs to be retakes so that the whole breast can be seen. Although mammography is the most effective and reliable way of detecting breast cancer early, it is not always perfect. A breast cancer may not be detected by mammogram because some cancers are very difficult to see on the x-ray and the person reading the x-ray may miss the cancer. This will happen very rarely no matter how experienced the person reading the x-ray is. So, to reduce the risk of a cancer being missed all mammograms are looked at by two people. Reference http://www.patient.co.uk/health/preventing-cardiovascular-diseases http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Coronary-heart-disease/Pages/Symptoms.aspx http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/signs.html http://www.breastcancercare.org.uk/breast-cancer-information/breast-awareness/referral-breast-clinic/mammogram-ultrasound-scan-core-biopsy-fna